This Week in Classical Music: May 27, 2024. Joachim Raff.The German composer Joachim Raff was born on this day in 1822.For all the years we’ve been writing these entries, not once did we mention his name.Of course, there are thousands of composers whose names escaped our attention, but these are usually second and third-tier; what makes Raff’s case unusual is that at the height of his popularity in the 1860s and 70s, his work was more popular than that of any other living German composer, including Bruckner (not at all popular during his lifetime) and Brahms.Soon after his death, Raff’s music was forgotten, and very few pieces are still performed today; it’s interesting to look back to see what attracted the sophisticated German public to his work and why it was abandoned so quickly.Raff, of German descent, was born in Switzerland, where his father escaped to avoid conscription during the Napoleonic wars.He was trained as a teacher, but as a musician, Raff was mostly self-taught (he became an accomplished pianist and organist); he started composing in his early 20s.Raff sent some of his work to Mendelssohn, who praised it and helped to get it published.In 1845 Raff, who lived in Zurich, met the great Franz Liszt.Liszt took a liking to him and found Raff a job in Cologne in a piano and music store.While in Cologne, Raff met Mendelssohn face-to-face and stayed in contact with Liszt.In 1847 he moved to Stuttgart and met the young Hans von Bülow.Bülow would later go to study with Liszt, marry his daughter Cosima, and then lose her to Wagner.He would also be one of the 19th-century best pianists and conductors.Bülow and Raff became best friends; Bülow had strong opinions and a sharp tongue and sometimes criticized Raff’s compositions but their friendship survived for the rest of Raff’s life.
Raff followed Lisz to Weimar, where, as Liszt’s protégé, he entered the circle of “New German composers,” an influential group that included Wagner.There he met Brahms and the famous violinist and conductor Josef Joachim.He also met his future wife, actress Doris Genast.Things looked positive for a while but eventually, it became clear that opportunities in Weimer were limited.And so, even though Liszt aided Raff financially and supported his musical efforts, Raff decided to leave Weimar.Around 1858, he found a position in Wiesbaden and moved there.It was in Wiesbaden that Raff composed the majority of his work and achieved public recognition.His First Symphony, a 70-minute composition subtitled An das Vaterland (To the Fatherland) was composed between 1859 and 1861 and was well received.And so were many other works that followed: his Third Symphony (Im Walde, In the Forest) became one of the most often-performed symphonies of its time, and the Fifth (Lenore) was also received enthusiastically.His piano and violin concertos became popular and the chamber pieces were widely performed.It’s even said that Raff’s music had some influence on Tchaikovsky and Richard Strauss.It’s not clear why Raff was forgotten so quickly.Indeed, he was not very original, much of his music was too long, and he wrote too much of it.But the same could be said about some 19th-century composers who are still feted today.And some of Raff’s music is very pretty.These days very few of his pieces are played, his Fifth Symphony, Lenore, is one of them.You can judge for yourself whether it’s worth it.Here’s the 1st movement of this symphony.Yondani Butt is leading the Philharmonia Orchestra.And if you want to hear more, here’s the rest of the symphony: the 2nd, 3rd and 4th movements.
Joachim Raff, 2024
This Week in Classical Music: May 27, 2024. Joachim Raff. The German composer Joachim Raff was born on this day in 1822. For all the years we’ve been writing these entries, not once did
we mention his name. Of course, there are thousands of composers whose names escaped our attention, but these are usually second and third-tier; what makes Raff’s case unusual is that at the height of his popularity in the 1860s and 70s, his work was more popular than that of any other living German composer, including Bruckner (not at all popular during his lifetime) and Brahms. Soon after his death, Raff’s music was forgotten, and very few pieces are still performed today; it’s interesting to look back to see what attracted the sophisticated German public to his work and why it was abandoned so quickly. Raff, of German descent, was born in Switzerland, where his father escaped to avoid conscription during the Napoleonic wars. He was trained as a teacher, but as a musician, Raff was mostly self-taught (he became an accomplished pianist and organist); he started composing in his early 20s. Raff sent some of his work to Mendelssohn, who praised it and helped to get it published. In 1845 Raff, who lived in Zurich, met the great Franz Liszt. Liszt took a liking to him and found Raff a job in Cologne in a piano and music store. While in Cologne, Raff met Mendelssohn face-to-face and stayed in contact with Liszt. In 1847 he moved to Stuttgart and met the young Hans von Bülow. Bülow would later go to study with Liszt, marry his daughter Cosima, and then lose her to Wagner. He would also be one of the 19th-century best pianists and conductors. Bülow and Raff became best friends; Bülow had strong opinions and a sharp tongue and sometimes criticized Raff’s compositions but their friendship survived for the rest of Raff’s life.
Raff followed Lisz to Weimar, where, as Liszt’s protégé, he entered the circle of “New German composers,” an influential group that included Wagner. There he met Brahms and the famous violinist and conductor Josef Joachim. He also met his future wife, actress Doris Genast. Things looked positive for a while but eventually, it became clear that opportunities in Weimer were limited. And so, even though Liszt aided Raff financially and supported his musical efforts, Raff decided to leave Weimar. Around 1858, he found a position in Wiesbaden and moved there. It was in Wiesbaden that Raff composed the majority of his work and achieved public recognition. His First Symphony, a 70-minute composition subtitled An das Vaterland (To the Fatherland) was composed between 1859 and 1861 and was well received. And so were many other works that followed: his Third Symphony (Im Walde, In the Forest) became one of the most often-performed symphonies of its time, and the Fifth (Lenore) was also received enthusiastically. His piano and violin concertos became popular and the chamber pieces were widely performed. It’s even said that Raff’s music had some influence on Tchaikovsky and Richard Strauss. It’s not clear why Raff was forgotten so quickly. Indeed, he was not very original, much of his music was too long, and he wrote too much of it. But the same could be said about some 19th-century composers who are still feted today. And some of Raff’s music is very pretty. These days very few of his pieces are played, his Fifth Symphony, Lenore, is one of them. You can judge for yourself whether it’s worth it. Here’s the 1st movement of this symphony. Yondani Butt is leading the Philharmonia Orchestra. And if you want to hear more, here’s the rest of the symphony: the 2nd, 3rd and 4th movements.