Classical Music | Piano Music

Recorded on 03/27/2007, uploaded on 01/10/2009

Musician's or Publisher's Notes

The 1860s were a time of great sadness for Franz Liszt. Dealing with the death of his son, Daniel, in 1859 and his daughter, Blandine, later in 1862, as well as the Catholic Church’s refusal to grant his mistress a divorce from her husband, Liszt receded into a solitary life. In 1863, he took up residence at a monastery outside of Rome called Madonna del Rosario. Liszt participated only occasional in Rome’s musical life and much of his compositional efforts eventually turned toward sacred works. However, one of the first compositions to come from his pen in this new austere life was the Rhapsodie espagnole for solo piano.

Recollecting his travels through Spain and Portugal in 1845, the Rhapsodie espagnole is inspired by the traditional music Liszt would have heard on the Iberian Peninsula. A lengthy cadenza, which subtly hints at the material of the ensuing variations, opens the work in a virtuosic manner. Settling into the key of C-sharp minor, the first section is a passacaglia on La Folia, a harmonic progression of Spanish origins and already made popular by Jean-Baptiste Lully, Arcangelo Corelli and Antonio Vivaldi. The folia bass appears initially already in an embellished form, but retaining the typical sarabande rhythm that accompanies it. The variations upon the bass are extensive, ranging from terse dotted rhythms, chromatic triplets, and sweeping sixteenth notes through several octaves. Following the passacaglia and changing to a brilliant D major is the Jota aragonesa. The jota is a traditional dance of Spain, most likely originating in Aragon, and not unlike the waltz though with more variation. The section begins simply with the melody appearing over an imitation of a drone bass, but eventually grows into an exciting and lively virtuosic display. In 1894, Ferruccio Busoni arranged the work for piano and orchestra.    Joseph DuBose

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Rhapsody Español                           Franz Liszt

"The Spanish Rhapsody" was composed by Liszt late in life. It is based on two different themes: the Jota Aragonesa and La Follia de Espagna. The second, a dark and somber theme that appears at the beginning of this work, is one of the most famous melodies in the history of classical music having been used by Corelli and Rachmaninoff for sets of variations among others. A work of dazzling colors that is also one of the most technically demanding in the repertoire, the "Spanish Rhapsody" requires a rapport with the piano as well as with the Spain of Liszt's imagination.     Milton Rubén Laufer

Courtesy of International Music Foundation.