Classical Music | Violin Music

Recorded on 11/27/2013, uploaded on 06/19/2014

Musician's or Publisher's Notes

As the Jazz Age swept America and Europe during the Roaring 20s, many composers turned to this style of music born of African-American spirituals as a new means of expression, blending it with the elements of the Classical tradition and new experimental techniques alike. Of course the name George Gershwin is synonymous with the classical-jazz fusion, but in post-war France, America’s jazz influenced Paris’s young avant-garde composers, such as Maurice Ravel. Ravel was intrigued by the melodies and rhythms of jazz and when he visited America during the latter part of the decade, he soaked in the music he heard in Harlem and New Orleans. His interest and use of jazz in his own compositions spanned several works during this time, reaching its pinnacle in his two concerti for piano composed during 1929-31. Just prior to that pair of works and his trip to America, he composed another important jazz-influenced composition—the Sonata for violin and piano.

The Sonata’s first movement is thinly textured and contrasts three different melodic ideas. Ravel himself thought the violin and piano two instruments ill-suited for each other, and this is to some extent played out in the contrasting melodic ideas of the movement. Much of the movement is serene, even ethereal at times, and builds to a solitary climax before slowly evaporating away. Entitled “Blues,” the middle movement’s composition actually predates Ravel’s trip to America and his exposure to the music of Harlem and New Orleans. Alongside its noticeable jazz idioms, Ravel makes use in this movement of 20^th century techniques such as bitonality. Lastly, the “Perpetuum mobile” finale incorporates themes from the preceding two movements.      Joseph DuBose

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Violin Sonata No. 2 in G         Maurice Ravel   

Along with his contemporary, Claude Debussy, Maurice Ravel was one of the most important composers associated with Impressionist music. Ravel was known to incorporate many styles into his own compositions. Figures that were especially influential for him include De Falla, Fauré, Debussy, and Gershwin, to name a few.

The Sonata for Violin and Piano was written between 1923 and1927. Ravel was quoted as having said in describing it, “In the writing of the Sonata for Violin and Piano, two fundamentally incompatible instruments, I assumed the task, far from bringing their differences into equilibrium, of emphasizing their irreconcilability through their independence.” The first movement, Allegretto, explores the difference in timbres between the violin and piano as musical material is passed between the two instruments. It is in traditional classical form. The second movement, Blues: Moderato, explores the Blues style with the violin imitating a saxophone and the piano imitating cabaret-like melodies. The last movement, Perpetuum Mobile, is a great technical challenge for the violin. Musical material from the first movement appears throughout the movement before a blazing, climactic finish.      Nikki Chooi

Courtesy of International Music Foundation.